Syndrome Evidence
    References

    1. Roland C. Summit, "The Child Sexual Abuse Accomodation Syndrome," Child Abuse and Neglect, Vol. 7, pp. 177-193. (1983)

    2. See: Hellstrom v. Commonwealth, 825 S.W. 2d 612 (Ky. 1992); People v. Knupp, 579 N.Y.S.2d 801 (N.Y. App.Div. 1992); Commonwealth v. Dunkle, 602 A.2d 830 (Pa. 1992); State v. Dodson, 452 N.W.2d 610 (Iowa Ct. App. 1989).

    3. Roland C. Summit, "Abuse of the Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syndrome," Vol. 1, Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, (1992)

    4. Like Roland Summit, Sorensen and Snow hold a belief in widespread satanic ritual abuse of children. See generally Barbara Snow and Teena Sorensen, "Ritualistic Child Abuse in a Neighborhood Setting," Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 5(4), 474-487, (1990).

    5. Teena Sorensen and Barbara Snow, "How Children Tell: The Process of Disclosure in Child Sexual Abuse," Child Welfare, 70(1), 3-15. (1991)

    6. Supreme Court of Utah, State of Utah v. Alan B. Hadfield, Decision, No. 880234, 128 Utah Adv. Rep. 6; 788 P.2d 506; 1990 Utah LEXIS 14.Excerpts

    7. Peterson v. Peterson, No. 910029-CA, 818 P.2d 1305, 171 Utah Adv. Rep. 35. October 15, 1991.

    8. Cross examination of Mark Everson by Mike Spivey in Kelly vs. North Carolina.

    9. Supreme Court of Indiana, Bobby Joe Steward v. State of Indiana, Decision, 95isc43, June 23, 1995.

    10. Supreme Court of Florida, Timothy Ray Hadden v. State of Florida, Corrected Opinion, No. 87,574 & 87,918, February 6, 1997.

    11. Some cases that have rejected the use of syndrome evidence as affirmative proof of the occurrence of abuse include: People v. Bowker (1988), Cal. Ct. App., 249 Cal.Rptr. 886; Leon, 263 Cal.Rptr. 77; Lantrip v. Commonwealth (1986), Ky., 713 S.W.2d 816; State v. York (1989), Me., 564 A.2d 389; State v. Lawrence (1988), Me., 541 A.2d 1291; State v. Black (1988), Me., 537 A.2d 1154; Goodson v. State (1990), Miss., 566 So.2d 1142; J.Q. II, 617 A.2d 1196; State v. Michaels (1993), N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div., 625 A.2d 489, aff'd (1994), N.J., 642 A.2d 1372; People v. Duell (1990), N.Y. App. Div., 558 N.Y.S.2d 395; State v. Schimpf (1989), Tenn. Crim. App., 782 S.W.2d 186; Rimmasch, 775 P.2d 388; State v. Gokey (1990), Vt., 574 A.2d 766; State v. Jones (1993), Wash. Ct. App., 863 P.2d 85, review denied (1994), Wash., 881 P.2d 254.

    12. San Diego County Grand Jury, Report No. 8, Child Sexual Abuse, Assault, and Molest Issues, June 29, 1992.

    13. San Diego County Grand Jury, Report 7a, Analysis of Child Molestation Issues, June 1, 1994.

    14. Robert P. Laurence, "McMartin: Drama Resurrects Trial's Pain, Anger," Television Review, San Diego Union-Tribune, (May 14, 1995)

    15. See generally the Testimony of Kee MacFarlane, Child Abuse and Daycare, Joint Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight of the Committee on Children, Youth and Families, U.S. House of Representatives, September 17, 1984; Roland C. Summit, "Digging for the Truth: The McMartin Tunnel Project Versus Trenchant Disbelief," Treating Abuse Today, Vol. 4, No. 4, 1994, pp. 5--13; Roland C. Summit, "McMartin Children Vindicated," Presentation at a conference sponsored by The National Children's Advocacy Center. 106 Lincoln, Huntsville, AL 35801. (1993); Roland C. Summit, "The Dark Tunnels of McMartin," The Journal of Psychohistory, 21(4), 1994, pp. 397-416.

    16. Children's Institute International, CII Training and Education Department, CII Internet Home Page.

    17. Children's Institute International, Child Sexual Abuse Issues: Assessment, Interviewing and Investigation, CII Internet Home Page.

    18. Children's Institute International, Normal Child Development, CII Internet Home Page.

    19. Children's Institute International, California Licensing Prerequisites , CII Internet Home Page.

    20. For general information about this professional organization see: Steve Johnson and Ellen Warren, "Abuse Awareness Up, But So Are Cases," Chicago Tribune, (June 27, 1993); Robert P. Laurence, "McMartin: Drama Resurrects Trial's Pain, Anger," Television Review, San Diego Union-Tribune, (May 14, 1995); and the APSAC Internet Home Page.

    21. Theresa Reid, Speech to the Child Abuse Prevention Symposium, University of Minnesota, November 30, 1995.

    22. Theresa Reid, Speech to the Child Abuse Prevention Symposium; also generally APSAC Internet Home Page.

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    Last Updated March 19, 1999