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Use of Psychoactive Medication in Texas Foster Children State FY 2005
Health and Human Services Commission, Department of State Health Services, and Department of Family and Protective Services, June 2006.
A Crisis of Credibility: Professionals Concerns about the Psychiatric Care Provided to Clients of the Child Welfare System
J. Curtis McMillen, Nicole Fedoravicius, Jill Rowe, Bonnie T. Zima, Norma Ware
Adm Policy Ment Health. 2007 May; 34 (3): 203212.
A Mistreated Epidemic: State and Federal Failure to Adequately Regulate Psychotropic Medications Prescribed to Children in Foster Care
A. Rachel Camp
Georgetown University Law Center, June 1, 2010
'They Use it Like Candy'- How the Prescription of Psychotropic Drugs to State-Involved Children Violates International Law
Angela Olivia Burton, CUNY School of Law,
Brooklyn Journal of International Law, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 545-513, 2010.
Broadened Use Of Atypical Antipsychotics: Safety, Effectiveness, And Policy Challenges
Stephen Crystal, Mark Olfson, Cecilia Huang, Harold Pincus, Tobias Gerhard
Health Aff (Millwood) Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 July 5.
A Crisis of Credibility: Professionals Concerns about the Psychiatric Care Provided to Clients of the Child Welfare System
J. Curtis McMillen, Nicole Fedoravicius, Jill Rowe, Bonnie T. Zima, and Norma Ware
Adm Policy Ment Health. 2007 May; 34(3): 203212.
Use of Psychotropic Medications by Youths in Therapeutic Foster Care and Group Homes
Alfiee M. Breland-Noble, Ph.D., Eric B. Elbogen, Ph.D., Elizabeth M. Z. Farmer, Ph.D., Melanie S. Dubs, B.A., H. Ryan Wagner, Ph.D. and Barbara J. Burns, Ph.D.
Psychiatric Services, 55:706-708, June 2004.
Clinical Characteristics of Children Receiving Antipsychotic Medication
Robert L. Findling, Sarah McCue Horwitz, Boris Birmaher, Robert A. Kowatch, Mary A. Fristad, Eric A. Youngstrom, Thomas W. Frazier, David Axelson, Neal Ryan, Christine A. Demeter, Judith Depew, Benjamin Fields, Mary Kay Gill, Elizabeth A. Deyling, Brieana M. Rowles, L. Eugene Arnold
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2011 August; 21(4): 311319. doi: 10.1089/cap.2010.0138
Controversies Concerning the Diagnosis and Treatment of bipolar Disorder in children
Erik Parens, Josephine Johnston
Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2010; 4: 9.
Antipsychotic Treatment among Youth in Foster Care
Susan dosReis, PhD, Yesel Yoon, BA, David M. Rubin, MD, Mark A. Riddle, MD, Elizabeth Noll, MA, Aileen Rothbard, Sc
Pediatrics. Published online November 21, 2011, (doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-2970)
Psychotropic Medication Management for Youth in State Care: Consent, Oversight, and Policy Considerations
Naylor, Davidson, Ortega-Piron, Bass, Gutierrez, & Hall
Child Welfare, 86(5), 2007
Use of Multiple Psychotropic Medications Among Adolescents Aging Out of Foster Care
Ramesh Raghavan, J. Curtis McMillen
Psychiatr Serv. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 July 16.
Published in final edited form as: Psychiatr Serv. 2008 September; 59(9): 10521055.
State Variation in Psychotropic Medication Use by Foster Care Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
David M. Rubin, Chris Feudtner, Russell Localio, David S. Mandell
Pediatrics. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 May 18. Published in final edited form as: Pediatrics. 2009 August; 124(2): e305e312.
Psychotropic Medication Use Among Medicaid-Enrolled Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
David S. Mandell, Knashawn H. Morales, Steven C. Marcus, Aubyn C. Stahmer, Jalpa Doshi, Daniel E. Polsky
Pediatrics. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 April 29. Published in final edited form as: Pediatrics. 2008 March; 121(3): e441e448. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-0984
Pediatric to Adult Mental Health Service Use of Young People Leaving the Foster Care System
J. Curtis McMillen, Ramesh Raghavan
J Adolesc Health. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 January 1. Published in final edited form as: J Adolesc Health. 2009 January; 44(1): 713.
Psychotropic medication use among children in foster care: relationship to severe psychiatric disorders.
B T Zima, R Bussing, G M Crecelius, A Kaufman, T R Belin
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Off-label psychopharmacologic prescribing for children: History supports close clinical monitoring
Julie M Zito, Albert T Derivan, Christopher J Kratochvil, Daniel J Safer, Joerg M Fegert, Laurence L Greenhill
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Impact of a Mentoring and Skills Group Program on Mental Health Outcomes for Maltreated Children in Foster Care
Heather N. Taussig, Sara E. Culhane
Published in final edited form as: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010 August; 164(8): 739746. doi: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.124
A National Study of the Impact of Outpatient Mental Health Services for Children in Long Term Foster Care
Jennifer L. Bellamy, Geetha Gopalan, Dorian E. Traube
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Use of a Parent Management Training Intervention with Urban Foster Parents: A Pilot Study
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Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Use of Psychotropic Medication in High-Risk Children and Adolescents
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Comparing Outcomes for Youth in Treatment Foster Care and Family-style Group Care
Bethany R. Lee, Ron Thompson
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Mental Health Services for Youths in Foster Care and Disabled Youths.
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Recent Advances in Understanding and Mitigating Adipogenic and Metabolic Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs
Julia M. Gohlke, Emily J. Dhurandhar, Christoph U. Correll, Elaine H. Morrato, John W. Newcomer, Gary Remington, Henry A. Nasrallah, Stephen Crystal, Ginger Nicol, David B. Allison
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Drugs, Poverty, Pregnancy, and Foster Care in Los Angeles, California, 1989 to 1991>
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Addressing the Developmental and Mental Health Needs of Young Children in Foster Care
Laurel K. Leslie, Jeanne N. Gordon, Katina Lambros, Kamila Premji, John Peoples, Kristin Gist
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Collaborating with Youth to Inform and Develop Tools for Psychotropic Decision Making
Andrea Murphy, David Gardner, Stan Kutcher, Simon Davidson, Ian Manion
J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010 November; 19(4): 256263. PMCID: PMC2962538
Addressing the Developmental and Mental Health Needs of Young Children in Foster Care
Laurel K. Leslie, Jeanne N. Gordon, Katina Lambros, Kamila Premji, John Peoples, Kristin Gist
Published in final edited form as: J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2005 April; 26(2): 140151. PMCID: PMC1519416
Multi-State Study on Psychotropic Medication Oversight in Foster Care
Laurel K. Leslie, MD, MPH, Thomas Mackie, MA, MPH, Emily H. Dawson, BA, Christopher Bellonci, MD, Diana R. Schoonover, BA, Angie Mae Rodday, MS, Munya Hayek, MD, Justeen Hyde, PhD
Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, 2010.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Pediatric Mental Health
Margarita Alegria, Ph.D. Melissa Vallas, MD, Andres Pumariega, MD
Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2010 October ; 19(4): 759774. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2010.07.001
Young, Black, and Male in Foster Care: Relationship of Negative Social Contextual Experiences to Factors Relevant to Mental Health Service Delivery
Lionel D. Scott, Jr., Larry E. Davis
J Adolesc. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2007 January 31. Published in final edited form as: J Adolesc. 2006 October; 29(5): 721736.
Older Youth Leaving the Foster Care System: Who, What, When, Where, and Why?Henrika McCoy, J. Curtis McMillen, Edward L. Spitznagel
Published in final edited form as: Child Youth Serv Rev. 2008; 30(7): 735745. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2007.12.003
Context Specific Mental Health Services for Children in Foster Care
Sonya J. Leathers, Marc S. Atkins, Jill E. Spielfogel, Lorri S. McMeel, Julia M. Wesley, Rafe Davis
Child Youth Serv Rev. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 December 1. Published in final edited form as: Child Youth Serv Rev. 2009 December 1; 31(12): 12891297.
Pediatric Psychotropic Polypharmacy
Mark R. Zonfrillo, Joseph V. Penn, Henrietta L. Leonard
Psychiatry (Edgmont) 2005 August; 2(8): 1419. PMCID: PMC3000211
Prevalence and Timing of Diagnosable Mental Health, Alcohol, and Substance Use Problems among Older Adolescents in the Child Welfare System
Thomas E. Keller, Amy M. Salazar, Mark E. Courtney
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Predisposition to seek mental health care among Black males transitioning from foster care
Lionel D. Scott, Jr., Michelle R. Munson, J. Curtis McMillen, Lonnie R. Snowden
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What Works in Group Care? A Structured Review of Treatment Models for Group Homes and Residential Care
Sigrid James
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Mental Health Services for Children and Youth in the Child Welfare System: A Focus on Caregivers as Gatekeepers
Margarita Villagrana
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Psychotropic Medication Use Among Medicaid-Enrolled Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
David S. Mandell, Knashawn H. Morales, Steven C. Marcus, Aubyn C. Stahmer, Jalpa Doshi, Daniel E. Polsky
Pediatrics. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 April 29. Published in final edited form as: Pediatrics. 2008 March; 121(3): e441e448. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-0984
Trends in Child Welfare's Focus on Children's Mental Health and Services from 1980-2004
Sonya J. Leathers, Lorri S. McMeel, Abhijit Prabhughate, Marc S. Atkins
Child Youth Serv Rev. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 April 1. Published in final edited form as: Child Youth Serv Rev. 2009 April 1; 31(4): 445450.
A Preliminary Analysis of the Receipt of Mental Health Services Consistent With National Standards Among Children in the Child Welfare System
Ramesh Raghavan, Megumi Inoue, Susan L. Ettner, Barton H. Hamilton, John Landsverk
Am J Public Health. 2010 April; 100(4): 742749. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.151472
Funneling Child Welfare Consumers into and through the Mental Health System: Assessment, Referral, and Quality Issues
Nicole Fedoravicius, J. Curtis McMillen, Jill E. Rowe, Njeri Kagotho, Norma C. Ware
Child Youth Serv Rev. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 April 1. Published in final edited form as: Child Youth Serv Rev. 2010 April 1; 32(4): 626-634.
Sedating Forgotten Children: How Unnecessary Psychotropic Medication Endangers Foster Childrens Rights and Health
Matthew M. Cummings
32 B.C.J.L. & Soc. Just. 357 (2012)
Sedating Forgotten Children: How Foster Childrens Rights & Health are Abused Through Unnecessary Psychotropic Drugs
Matthew M. Cummings
Boston College Third World Law Journal, Vol. 1, 2011.
Psychotropic Medication Use Among Children in Foster Care: Relationship to Severe Psychiatric Disorders
Bonnie T Zima, MD, MPH, Regina Bussing, MD, MSHS, Gia M. Crecelius, MD, Aaron Kaufinan, MS, and Thomas R. Belin, PhD
Am J Public Health. 1999 November; 89(11): 17321735.
State Variation in Psychotropic Medication Use by Foster Care Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
David M. Rubin, MD, Chris Feudtner, MD, PhD, MPH, Russell Localio, PhD,and David S. Mandell, ScD
www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2008-3713 doi:10.1542/peds.2008-3713.
Psychotropic Practice Patterns for Youth A 10-Year Perspective
Julie Magno Zito, PhD; Daniel J. Safer, MD; Susan dosReis, PhD; James F. Gardner, ScM; Laurence Magder, PhD; Karen Soeken, PhD; Myde Boles, PhD; Frances Lynch, PhD; Mark A. Riddle, MD
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157(1):17-25.
Psychotropic Medication Management for Youth in State Care: Consent, Oversight, and Policy Considerations
Michael W. Naylor, Christine V. Davidson, D. Jean Ortega-Piron, Arin Bass, Alice Gutierrez, and Angela Hall
00094021/2007/0507177-194 $3.00 Child Welfare League of America
The Odyssey Project: A Descriptive and Prospective Study of Children and Youth in Residential Group Care and Therapeutic Foster Care
Alicia A. Drais-Parrillo, Ph.D.
Child Welfare League of America, undated
Prevalence Rates of Psychotropic Medications for Students Placed in Residential Facilities
Joseph B. Ryan, Robert Reid, Ken Gallagher, Cynthia Ellis.
Behavioral Disorders, 33 (2), 99107, February 2008
Forced Drugging of Children in Foster Care: Turning Child Abuse Victims into Involuntary Psychiatric Patients
M. McKay, Ph.D.
Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine Vol. 22, No. 2, 2007
Use of psychotropics among looked after children: an audit in the Borough of Lambeth
Carmen Pinto, Nadia Barrett
London Journal of Primary Care 2010;3:527
Differences in Prescribing Patterns of Psychotropic Medication for Children and Adolescents between Rural and Urban Prescribers
Scott J. Adams, Psy.D. Stan Xu, Ph.D. Fran Dong, M.S.
Working Paper, Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education Mental Health Program
October 2009
Psychotropic Medication in Children: A Study From The Netherlands
Eric Schirm, MPharmSc, Hilde Tobi, PhD, Julie M. Zito, PhD, Lolkje T. W. de Jong-van den Berg, PhD
PEDIATRICS Vol. 108 No. 2 August 1, 2001.
Use of mental health services among older youths in foster care
J. Curtis McMillen, Ph.D.; Lionel D. Scott, Ph.D.; Bonnie T. Zima, M.D., M.P.H.; Marcia T. Ollie, M.S.W.; Michelle R. Munson, M.S.W.; Edward Spitznagel, Ph.D.
Psychiatric Services, VOL. 55, No. 7, 2004
A national study of the impact of outpatient mental health services for children in long-term foster care
Jennifer L. Bellamy, Geetha Gopalan and Dorian E. Traube
Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2010 15: 467
A Preliminary Analysis of the Receipt of Mental Health Services Consistent With National Standards Among Children in the Child Welfare System
Ramesh Raghavan, MD, PhD, Megumi Inoue, MSW, Susan L. Ettner, PhD, Barton H. Hamilton, PhD, and John Landsverk, PhD
Am J Public Health. 2010 April; 100(4): 742749.
Effect of Medicaid Eligibility Category on Racial Disparities in the Use of Psychotropic Medications Among Youths
Julie Magno Zito, Ph.D.; Daniel J. Safer, M.D.; Ilene H. Zuckerman, Pharm.D.; James F. Gardner, Sc.M.; Karen Soeken, Ph.D.
Psychiatric Services 2005; doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.56.2.157
Mental Health Care Utilization and Expenditures by Children in Foster Care
Jeffrey S. Harman, PhD; George E. Childs, BA; Kelly J. Kelleher, MD, MPH
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000;154(11):1114-1117.
National Trends in the Use of Psychotropic Medications by Children
Mark Olfson, M.D., M.P.H., Steven C. Marcus, Ph.D., Myrna M. Weissman, Ph.D., And Peters. Jensen, M.D
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002 May;41(5):514-21.
Psychotropic Medication Use in a National Probability Sample of Children in the Child Welfare System
Ramesh Raghavan, Bonnie T. Zima, Ronald M. Andersen, Arleen A. Leibowitz, Mark A. Schuster, and John Landsverk
Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2005, 15(1): 97-106.
Off-label psychopharmacologic prescribing for children: History supports close clinical monitoring
Julie M Zito1, Albert T Derivan, Christopher J Kratochvil, Daniel J Safer, Joerg M Fegert and Laurence L Greenhill
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health 2008, 2:24 doi:10.1186/1753-2000-2-24
Antipsychotic Medication Use In Medicaid Children And Adolescents: Report And Resource Guide From A 16-State Study
Medicaid Medical Directors Learning Network (MMDLN)/Rutgers CERTs Publication No. 1.
June 2010
Psychotropic Medication and Children in Foster Care: Tips for Advocates and Judges
JoAnne Solchany, PhD, ARNP, American Bar Association's Center on Children and the Law, October 2011.
FEDERAL DOCUMENTS
U.S. Department of Human Services Letter to State Directors
November 23, 2011, HHS correspondence to key State officials with respect to the federal government's increasing oversight of psychotrropic medications in foster care. Addressed to State child welfare director, State Medicaid director, and State mental health authority director of each state.
HHS Guidance Could Help States Improve Oversight of Psychotropic Prescriptions
Government Accountability Office, GAO-12-270T, Dec 1, 2011.
State Practices for Assessing Health Needs, Facilitating Service Delivery, and Monitoring Children's Care
Government Accountability Office, GAO-09-26, Feb 6, 2009.
Congressional Hearings
The Financial And Societal Costs Of Medicating Americas Foster Children
Hearing Before The Federal Financial Management, Government Information, Federal Services, And International Security Subcommittee Of The Committee On Homeland Security And Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, December 1, 2011.
Prescription Psychotropic Drug Use Among Children in Foster Care
Hearing Before The Subcommittee On Income Security And Family Support Of The Committee On Ways And Means, U.S. House Of Representatives, Seri